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Embankment dam foundation analysis for the decrease of internal erosion likelihood

Marc SMITH

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第4期页码 431-436 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0183-5

摘要： A zoned embankment dam is founded on clay underlain by a sand deposit. Major seepage phenomena were noticed in the foundation downstream from the dam where the vertical seepage forces in the sand layer were expected to exceed the downward forces due to the overlying clay. Modern technologies were applied to delineate critical zones to help design optimal rehabilitation measures. A global electromagnetic survey was carried out to detect and map the main sources, pathways and exits of seepage. Based on these global findings, a more detailed analysis was then conducted to identify zones where thickness of the foundation clay is minimal, pore pressures in sand are higher and thus where the factor of safety against uplift is lower and internal erosion is more likely to occur. Clay thickness evaluation required the determination of land surface as well as clay-sand contact elevations. A laser airborne survey was performed to model the land surface elevation. Data concerning the clay-sand contact elevation came from the interpreted stratigraphy based on a series of boreholes and cone penetration tests. This data was combined in a geostatistical model along with the measured piezometric levels in the foundation. This resulted in a contour map showing factors of safety against uplift over the entire downstream area. The use of modern technologies, namely electromagnetic and laser surveys as well as geostatistical tools, was instrumental in defining the limits of an otherwise spread-out problem and to provide an optimal solution, in terms of costs and effectiveness, for the long-term stabilization of the foundation.

关键词： seepage detection geostatistical analysis dam monitoring internal erosion LIDAR survey

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用于长期自主机器人的新型鲁棒同时定位与建图方法 Research Articles

魏伟1,朱晓蕊1,2,王毅1

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第23卷第2期页码 234-245 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000358

摘要：本文提出一种新颖的鲁棒视觉惯性激光雷达(LiDaR)导航(VILN)SLAM系统，包括立体视觉-惯性LiDaR里程计和视觉-LiDaR闭环。所提出的VILN SLAM系统即使在偶尔会降低LiDaR或视觉测量性能的复杂场景中也可以长期稳定地运行。

关键词：同时定位与建图（SLAM）；长期；鲁棒性；激光雷达（LiDaR）；视觉惯性激光雷达导航（VILN）

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片上激光雷达系统技术助推智能汽车和手机发展

Mitch Leslie

《工程（英文）》 2022年第18卷第11期页码 3-5 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.09.003

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A survey on assembly lines and its types

Ullah SAIF,Zailin GUAN,Baoxi WANG,Jahanzeb MIRZA,Shiyang HUANG

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第2期页码 95-105 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0302-1

摘要：

Assembly lines are useful for mass production of standard as well as customized products. Line balancing is an important issue, in this regard an optimal or near optimal balance can provide a fruitful savings in the initial cost and also in the running cost of such production systems. A survey of different problems in different types of assembly lines and some of the critical and on going research areas are highlighted here. The provided research information is momentous for the research community in assembly line area to proceed further in the presented issues of assembly lines.

关键词： assembly lines line balancing survey

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Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

LU Hao, ZHU Lizhong

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第1期页码 125-128 doi: 10.1007/s11783-007-0023-3

摘要： The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92% 100%, 91% 104%, and 0.26 0.82 ng/m, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159 0.2828 mg/m with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m. The average concentrations of formaldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043 0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health.

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利用机载激光雷达和近地表地球物理方法空间识别复杂低幅度第四纪硅质碎屑岩层——以美国得克萨斯滨海平原为例 Article

Jeffrey G. Paine,Edward W. Collins,Lucie Costard

《工程（英文）》 2018年第4卷第5期页码 676-684 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.09.005

摘要：

保存在全球滨海平原上的沉积单元控制着浅地层岩性分布，这对基础设施的设计和建设至关重要，同时也是许多第四纪冰期—间冰期循环中发生大规模气候变化的重要信息库。我们对这些沉积单元的横纵向岩性、地层复杂性及其对气候和海平面变化的响应知之甚少，因此很难预测岩性分布，以及将发展历史、未来气候和海平面变化置于同一自然地质环境中。传统上在低幅度滨海平原上描绘的第四纪硅质碎屑沉积单元建立在航拍图和低分辨率地形图的基础上。低幅度和低曝光率影响了观测的准确性和精确性。高分辨率机载激光雷达探测、地表地球物理勘探和地球物理测井正被用于识别得克萨斯州滨海平原上第四纪地层岩性单元的精确横纵向边界。地表和井中电导率测量能从泥质泛滥平原、三角洲平原和河道沉积中区分出砂质障壁岛、河流和三角洲河道沉积物。井中电导率和自然伽马测井记录同样可以区分地下不同的岩性单元，并识别出可能在不同冰期- 间冰期阶段分离的沉积单元的侵蚀不整合面。从机载激光雷达探测获得的高分辨率数字高程模型揭示了以前不为人知的地形细节，有助于识别地表特征，如砂质通道、富含黏土的河间沉积和更新世障壁岛上的堆积特征。在低幅度滨海平原环境中识别岩性和地层分布的最佳方法是：①首先使用激光雷达探测生成详细的高程模型；②基于激光雷达数据和航拍图的初步定位，选择性进行地表采样和地球物理探测；③在激光雷达和地表探测完成后，选择关键位置进行钻孔取样、测井和分析。

关键词：岩性地球物理电磁感应激光雷达

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Novel sensing techniques for full-scale testing of civil structures

Kaoshan DAI, Zhenhua HUANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第3期页码 240-256 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0172-8

摘要： Performing full-scale structural testing is an important methodology for researchers and engineers in the civil engineering industry. Full scale testing helps the researchers understand civil infrastructures’ loading scenarios, behaviors, and health conditions. It helps the engineers verify, polish, and simplify the structural design and analysis theories. To conduct a full-scale structural testing, sensors are used for data acquisitions. To help structural researchers and engineers get familiar with sensing technologies and select the most effective sensors, this study reviewed and categorized new sensing techniques for full-scale structural testing applications. The researchers of this study categorized sensors used for civil-infrastructure testing into traditional contact sensors and remote sensors based upon their application methodologies, and into cabled sensors and wireless sensors based upon their data communication strategies. The detailed descriptions of wireless sensors and remote sensing techniques and their on-site full-scale applications are presented.

关键词： sensing technique full-scale testing wireless sensor remote sensing LiDAR laser vibrometer

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A survey of instantaneous poles for a class of two-degree-of-freedom spherical mechanisms

Soheil ZARKANDI

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第9卷第4期页码 344-353 doi: 10.1007/s11465-014-0320-z

摘要：

This paper is a detailed exploration of instantaneous poles for a class of two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) spherical mechanisms (SMs) with seven links or bars. For two-DOF SMs, the secondary instantaneous poles (the ones which cannot be found by direct inspection) must lie on the specified great circles. For many of these mechanisms, however, some of these great circles cannot be obtained by a direct application of Aronhold-Kennedy theorem. This paper presents geometrical and analytical techniques to locate these unknown great circles for three topologies of seven-bar two-DOF SMs.

关键词： spherical mechanisms instantaneous poles Aronhold-Kennedy theorem great circles pencil of meridian

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A survey of physical activity among urban women in China

Shilin DENG MD, Tongyuan LIU,

《医学前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 463-469 doi: 10.1007/s11684-009-0081-y

摘要： Few studies have been conducted to assess the level of physical activity (PA) of women in China. The purpose of this study was to describe the prevalence of PA among women in Wuhan and explore sociodemographic and behavioral correlation to PA for the population. A total of 1359 community-dwelling women (42.9713.60 years old) participated in this study. The long-version IPAQ was used to define the level of PA. 45.7% of women were considered physically active, and 27.5% were vigorously active. The proportion of physical inactivity was around 26.8%. The total and 4 domains of PA showed significant age, education level, and occupation variation. PA tended to be lower as the age declined. PA in transportation, housework, leisure time, and the total tended to be the lowest or the second lowest among the women aged 18–35 years old. PA tended to be lower as the level of education increased. Among the 5 indices, PAwas the lowest among women with college education, especially those with postgraduate education. PA tended to be the lowest among the women of office staff and instructor or technician. Generally, the total and 4 domains of PA showed significant age, education level, and occupation variation. Physical inactivity appears to be more common among younger women, or college-educated women, office ladies, and female instructor and technicians.

关键词： physical activity urban women China

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关联规则挖掘算法综述

毕建欣,张岐山

《中国工程科学》 2005年第7卷第4期页码 88-94

摘要：

介绍了关联规则挖掘算法的基本原理，并按照挖掘中涉及到的变量数目（维数）、数据的抽象层次和处理变量的类别（布尔型和数值型），依次对关联规则挖掘算法的研究进行综述，并对一些典型的算法进行分析和比较，最后展望了关联规则挖掘算法的研究方向。

关键词：数据挖掘关联规则算法综述

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A survey of decorative materials on the energy consumption of mid-rise residential buildings in Mashad

Masoud Taheri SHAHRAEIN, Lihua ZHAO, Qinglin MENG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第4期页码 490-497 doi: 10.1007/s11709-010-0068-4

摘要： Polyvinylchloride (PVC) panel is one of the most favorite decorative materials that has been popularly applied as finishing of ceiling in residential buildings. It is about five years that the people incline to redecorate the ceiling of old buildings with PVC panel in big cities of Iran, such as Mashad. In this study, the influence of ceiling PVC panel on the cooling and heating loads of studied apartment were determined by software DeST-h. In addition, the summer natural ventilation of the mentioned apartment is investigated by determining the wind speed into the apartment through the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software. The evaluation of environment indoor wind velocity showed that most of the apartment space is a comfortable zone. The results of studied building analyses demonstrated that using PVC panel on the ceiling can decline the energy consumption of the penthouse (fifth level) of the investigated building, which is about 3.7% and 7% for studied methods of without and with air layer, respectively. In addition, although the existence of air layer can decline the cooling and heating loads, the increase in air layer thickness did not show significant decrease on building energy consumption. However, the PVC panel is expensive and is not suitable to be used for ceiling thermal insulation, but adding a thin layer of air between ceiling and PVC panel can be a good step toward sustainable building, when the people are inclined to utilize it as a decorative ceiling.

关键词： residential apartments natural ventilation energy consumption decorative materials Mashad

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中国区域地质调查现代化与加强深部调查

赵文津

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第6期页码 25-32

摘要：

从对区域地质调查的任务出发，总结了过去区域地质调查工作的特点，即基本上是沿用传统方式进行的。提出和论述了21世纪中国区域地质调查应有新发展，以适应战略转变的要求，即除去运输、通讯、记录及数字化成图等之外，更应当面向土地资源、矿产资源、地质灾害以及提高环境质量的需要，用现代地学理论指导进行多学科的调查和采集、整理资料，实现3维多参数填图和理论概括，是关系现代地质科学发展的、具有深远战略意义的事。几十年的调查工作已证明深部的地质构造情况与地表层的观察结果是不一样的，与依据地表地质构造情况推测的深层情况也很不同。今后应加强深部探测，发展深部探测技术，取得不同深度层次的高分辨率成像图案，使人们对地球的认识提高到一个新的高度，形成新的空间—时间观念，以更有效地解决我国及地球的资源环境问题。

关键词：区域地质调查深部探测资源环境

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Public perception of environmental issues across socioeconomic characteristics: A survey study in Wujin

Jun BI, Yongliang ZHANG, Bing ZHANG,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年第4卷第3期页码 361-372 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0017-4

摘要： In developing countries, there is controversy over the correct perception regarding environmental and developmental issues. Few studies have examined the perception of low-income nationals in regards to social and environmental issues. This paper looks at the relationship between socio-demographic factors and the groups’ perceived priority regarding environmental and social issues in Wujin County. The results indicated that most residents, specifically the young, government employed and the urban community consider environmental issues to be serious, especially in relation to air pollution and water pollution. Furthermore, many residents feel it is important to rank environmental problems that are related to other social and economic issues, and that environmental protection must be set as a priority in Wujin County. Compared to social issues, environmental concern was greater among the young, government employed, and the urban community, because of their higher education and affluence. In addition, 66.2% of residents consider environmental protection to be more important than economic development. Thus, environmental protection must be set as a high priority in Wujin County, in order to face the many social and environmental challenges inherent in development.

关键词： socio-economic characteristics environmental perception sustainable development policy making

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Survey on deep learning for pulmonary medical imaging

Jiechao Ma, Yang Song, Xi Tian, Yiting Hua, Rongguo Zhang, Jianlin Wu

《医学前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 450-469 doi: 10.1007/s11684-019-0726-4

摘要： As a promising method in artificial intelligence, deep learning has been proven successful in several domains ranging from acoustics and images to natural language processing. With medical imaging becoming an important part of disease screening and diagnosis, deep learning-based approaches have emerged as powerful techniques in medical image areas. In this process, feature representations are learned directly and automatically from data, leading to remarkable breakthroughs in the medical field. Deep learning has been widely applied in medical imaging for improved image analysis. This paper reviews the major deep learning techniques in this time of rapid evolution and summarizes some of its key contributions and state-of-the-art outcomes. The topics include classification, detection, and segmentation tasks on medical image analysis with respect to pulmonary medical images, datasets, and benchmarks. A comprehensive overview of these methods implemented on various lung diseases consisting of pulmonary nodule diseases, pulmonary embolism, pneumonia, and interstitial lung disease is also provided. Lastly, the application of deep learning techniques to the medical image and an analysis of their future challenges and potential directions are discussed.

关键词： deep learning neural networks pulmonary medical image survey

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Sustaining health workforce recruitment and retention in township hospitals: a survey on 110 directors

null

《医学前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第2期页码 239-250 doi: 10.1007/s11684-015-0392-0

摘要：

Township hospitals, the main provider of rural primary healthcare in China, are severely understaffed. International studies on factors influencing rural working are increasing; however, studies on factors affecting the recruitment and retention of health workers in Chinese township hospitals are limited. The current study aims to understand the motivation of health workers and arrive at a systematic framework of pluralistic factors that would help support health workers in terms of receiving posts and remaining in posts in township hospitals. A three-stage integrated quantitative and qualitative methodology was employed. First, a survey on 120 directors of township hospitals was conducted to learn the latest status of health workers in township hospitals and distinguish existing problems. Second, after sending these problems back to the directors, an open-ended pen-and-paper survey was conducted to ask the directors to identify the factors influencing the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals. Third, four focus groups were conducted to gauge the underlying reasons. Five problems from the questionnaire survey were recognized, and numbers of thematic factors were identified at the individual, professional, and treatment environment from the pen-and-paper survey and focus group. Similar to other studies, this framing of both non-financial and financial elements affected the attraction and retention of health workers in township hospitals, thereby filling the gap in a Chinese context. Although several factors had been recognized earlier, our findings further highlighted the importance of these factors. Meanwhile, the factors identified in this study were barely explored in literature. This paper identifies and develops multi-faceted factors to call for a bundled package of multidimensional incentives if decision-makers get interested. The evidence-based findings in our study can be used to provide China-specific policy recommendations on how to recruit and retain health workers in rural areas of China.

关键词： recruitment retention health workers township hospitals rural regions